Application of hydrocarbons and HFO and HCFO refrigerants as alternative refrigerants in heat pumps
Konrad Medyński, Ewelina Stefanowicz
Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska, Politechnika Wrocławska
Ciepłownictwo Ogrzewnictwo Wentylacja, 2026 (5), 13-21, DOI: https://doi.org/10.65545/COW.2026.05.02
Słowa kluczowe: pompa ciepła, czynnik chłodniczy, węglowodory, HFC, HFO, HCFO
Streszczenie
Artykuł przedstawia zmiany w zakresie stosowanych czynników chłodniczych w pompach ciepła, wynikające z regulacji klimatycznych Unii Europejskiej. Omówiono obecnie wykorzystywane czynniki chłodnicze oraz zakresy ich zastosowań w zależności od temperatur pracy urządzeń. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono alternatywnym rozwiązaniom, takim jak węglowodory oraz czynniki HFO i HCFO, wskazując ich możliwości zastosowania, ograniczenia oraz wyzwania związane z wdrażaniem. Przedstawione zagadnienia pozwalają ocenić kierunki rozwoju technologii pomp ciepła oraz zmiany w doborze czynników chłodniczych w praktyce projektowej i eksploatacyjnej.
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Keywords: heat pump, refrigerant, hydrocarbons, HFC, HFO, HCFO
Abstract
The article presents current trends in refrigerants used in heat pumps, driven by European Union climate regulations. Commonly used refrigerants and their application ranges depending on operating temperatures are discussed. Particular attention is given to alternative solutions, such as hydrocarbons and HFO and HCFO refrigerants, highlighting their application potential, limitations, and implementation challenges. The discussed issues provide insight into the future development of heat pump technology and expected changes in refrigerant selection in design and operational practice.
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