Application of hydrocarbons and HFO and HCFO refrigerants as alternative refrigerants in heat pumps

Konrad Medyński, Ewelina Stefanowicz

Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska, Politechnika Wrocławska

Ciepłownictwo Ogrzewnictwo Wentylacja, 2026 (5), 13-21, DOI: https://doi.org/10.65545/COW.2026.05.02

Keywords: heat pump, refrigerant, hydrocarbons, HFC, HFO, HCFO

Abstract
The article presents current trends in refrigerants used in heat pumps, driven by European Union climate regulations. Com­monly used refrigerants and their application ranges depen­ding on operating temperatures are discussed. Particular at­tention is given to alternative solutions, such as hydrocarbons and HFO and HCFO refrigerants, highlighting their application potential, limitations, and implementation challenges. The di­scussed issues provide insight into the future development of heat pump technology and expected changes in refrigerant se­lection in design and operational practice.

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